Журнал «Медицина неотложных состояний» Том 19, №7, 2023

Відповідно до клітинної моделі гемостазу процес згортання крові поданий у вигляді трьох фаз: ініціації, посилення і поширення, кожна з яких включає декілька послідовних стадій. Водночас утворення тромбу часто пояснюють тріадою Virchow: застій кровотоку, пошкодження стінок судин і гіперкоагуляція. За класичними уявленнями, один із трьох згаданих чинників може призвести до тромбоутворення. За останнє десятиліття розширились наші знання про перехресний зв’язок між коагуляцією, запаленням і вродженою імунною активацією і участь нейтрофільних позаклітинних пасток у цих процесах. У даному короткому огляді показана їх роль при тромбозі через механізми активування тромбоцитів, комплементу, взаємодію з факторами згортання крові й пошкодження ендотелію судин. Пошук літератури здійснювався в базі даних MEDLINE на платформі PubMed.

According to the cellular model of hemostasis, the process of blood coagulation is presented in the form of three phases: initiation, amplification and propagation, each of them includes several consecutive stages. At the same time, thrombus formation is often explained by Virchow’s triad: blood stasis, damage to the blood vessel walls, and hypercoagulation. Classically, the appearance of one of the three mentioned parameters can lead to thrombus formation. Over the past decade, our knowledge of the cross-talk between coagulation, inflammation, and innate immune activation and the involvement of neutrophil extracellular traps in these processes has expanded. This brief review shows their role in thrombosis through the mechanisms of activation of platelets, complement, interaction with blood coagulation factors and damage to the vascular endothelium. We searched the literature in the MEDLINE database on the PubMed platform.

тромбоз; нейтрофільні позаклітинні пастки; тромбоцити; комлемент; ендотеліальні клітини; огляд

thrombosis; neutrophil extracellular traps; platelets; complement; endothelial cells; review

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