Журнал «Медицина неотложных состояний» Том 20, №8, 2024

Згідно зі світовою статистикою, протягом останніх двох десятиліть приблизно 489 000 людей щорічно помирають від спеки. Більш високі температури пов’язані з підвищеним ризиком смертності від нещасних випадків загалом та чотирьох основних підтипів (дорожньо-транспортні пригоди, падіння, утоплення й ненавмисні травми). Підвищення температури та періоди аномально спекотної погоди вже збільшують глобальну небезпеку для здоров’я населення й спричиняють значні економічні втрати. Смертність від загального перегрівання висока та коливається від 33 до 80 %, а термінальними станами є шок, аритмія, інфаркт міокарда, ниркова недостатність і неврологічна дисфункція. Залишкові неврологічні розлади спостерігалися в 17 % людей, які вижили. Загальне перегрівання вражає військових, спортсменів, працівників гарячого виробництва й цивільних громадян, які зазнають ненавмисного перегрівання організму або мають сформовані фактори його ризику. Тому сьогодні визначення факторів ризику загального ненавмисного перегрівання організму та по можливості запобігання їм є актуальним. Своєчасне виявлення та профілактика факторів, що спричиняють екзогенну гіпертермію і сприяють її розвитку, дозволить медичним і соціальним працівникам обмежити ушкоджуючий вплив високих температур на здоров’я населення.

Global statistics show that approximately 489,000 people died annually from heat-related causes over the past two decades. Higher temperatures are associated with increased risk of mortality due to general accidents and four main subtypes, including road traffic accidents, falls, drownings, and unintentional injuries. Elevated temperatures and periods of anomalously hot weather already increase the global health hazard and cause significant economic losses. Mortality from general overheating is high and ranges from 33 to 80 %, with terminal events including shock, arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, renal failure, and neurological dysfunction. Residual neurological disorders were observed in 17 % of survivors. General overheating affects military personnel, athletes, workers in hot industries, and civilian populations exposed to or having formed risk factors for general inadvertent body overheating. Therefore, identifying and, where possible, preventing these risk factors is currently relevant. Exogenous hyperthermia contributing and predisposing factors are identified, timely detection and prevention of which will allow medical and social workers to limit the detrimental effects of hot conditions on public health.

загальне перегрівання; сприятливі фактори; передумови; групи ризику

general overheating; contributing factors; predisposing factors; risk groups

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